Wednesday, April 2, 2025

van Rijswijk, J., & Curșeu, P. L. (2025). Formal Versus Self-Identified Neurodivergence: A Comparative Study in Work Environments. Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), 420.

 What They Did

The researchers recruited 357 participants from 19 workplaces in 7 industries and had them report formal diagnoses and self-identification of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, ADD, DCD (developmental coordination disorder), dyslexia, dyscalculia, and high giftedness. About 12% of participants had a formal diagnosis of at least one neurodivergent condition, while about 27% answered that they believed they had at least one  neurodivergent condition. All participants completed assessments of decision-making styles, verbal vs. visual cognitive styles, and deliberate reasoning.

The researchers found that including self-identification in linear regression models increased the predictive power of the models for several combinations of neurodivergent conditions and thinking patterns. In particular, inclusion of self-identification increased the predictive power of the positive correlations between ADD and avoidant decision making (e.g. putting off making decisions as long as possible), between ADHD and spontaneous decision making, between dyslexia and visual cognitive style, and between high giftedness and deliberate reasoning. Self-identification also increased the predictive power of the negative correlations between autism and intuitive decision making and between dyslexia and verbal cognitive style.

The researchers conclude that self-identification and formal diagnosis can be correlated with the same thinking patterns and that inclusion of self-identified individuals in the study of neurodivergent thinking patterns may sometimes be appropriate. They note that self-identification rates may more accurately reflect the prevalence of neurodivergent conditions: formal diagnosis is often unavailable or is not sought because of concern over the stigma attached to neurodivergent conditions or because formal diagnosis is sometimes less accurate than self-identification.


Further Exploration

Based on my personal experience and casual reading, I’m not surprised that people who self-identified with neurodivergent conditions had variations in thinking patterns along the same lines as those with formal diagnoses. In particular, self-diagnosis of autism is accepted by many members of the autistic community, and it’s not uncommon for clinicians to rule out diagnosis for people who have strong communication skills, are married, work full-time, are Black or Latinx, or are female or trans (see https://www.verywellmind.com/self-diagnosis-according-to-an-autistic-psychologist-8650879.)

At the same time, I have some uncertainty about the questionnaires used to assess thinking patterns. I found the decision-making style assessment online (see https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fs57e3f70e36f4dc05.jimcontent.com%2Fdownload%2Fversion%2F1561360698%2Fmodule%2F9817879385%2Fname%2FGeneral%2520Decision%2520Making%2520Style%2520Questionnaire.pdf&psig=AOvVaw0v2gIyS8w7tgPNXRquHxqD&ust=1743681032881000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAQQn5wMahcKEwiAm_KVpLmMAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA.) When I tried it myself, I experienced tension between my desire to answer accurately and my sense of what the assessment is looking for.

 The first question reads “I make sure that I have all the facts before I make a decision.” I realize that they don’t mean every fact in the universe, and they probably don’t mean facts that I might care about but that would be really hard to find out, but I’m still really unsure what counts as “all the facts.” Given that level of ambiguity, I’d choose the answer “The statement is sometimes true. It depends on the situation,” but I’d be inclined to give that answer for almost all the questions because it always depends on the situation. I wonder how much research has been done on neurodivergent information processing for this kind of psychological assessments, but that’s a rabbit hole for another day!


a simple black-on-white line drawing of a left-facing human head with question marks inside it
Image credit: Arafat Uddin

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